Every year, all over the world, particularly in this Christmas period, thousands and thousands of animals, dogs, cats, but even bunnies, goldfishes and hamsters, are sold to become the novelty of children. This tradition is always accompanied by superficiality and lack of information, which, within a few months, translates “the gift” in an intolerable economic (and not just it) burden. And usually, this means abandonment. (Learn more: http://www.oipainternational.org/abandonment/)

Even just thinking of buying an animal for Christmas is wrong: would you choose a friend or the partner in a catalogue? Dogs and cats, and all the animals!, are life companions and what binds them to us is not based on aesthetics, but on knowledge, respect, love and pleasure of being together… things that come as time passes.

WHY IS IT WRONG IN BUYING AN ANIMAL?

The problem of buying animals is not related only to Christmas, but surely it is accentuated by the general state of joy this period carries with it.

One of the principal reasons not to buy animals is due to the simplest rule of the economy: higher demand means higher price of the offer. Higher price means that criminal organisation are more and more interested in the production, marketing and sale of puppies of all breeds. Different investigations have already discovered how “the puppies market” works: puppy trade from Eastern Europe is increasing, thanks to the treaties, as well as the national disinterest and lack of legislation among States. Indeed, criminal organizations uses the Schengen area to transport puppies from production countries (the Eastern ones, such as Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Slovakia) to distribution countries (like Germany, Italy, France and the Netherlands). In these latter States, puppies are sold with a price that is around € 700 / €1200, depending on the breed. These dogs have always many physical and psychological problems, caused by the general conditions in which are bred, by the fact of being weaned in wrong ways and being taken from the mother months before they have acquired all the necessary to survive (antibodies, the appropriate conduct and so on…). Almost in every case, these dogs have behavioral problems.

Many think that buying a puppy, particularly if it is in bad physical conditions is the right thing: to give him the chance of survive. That is incorrect: the major part of these dogs are already sentenced. The chances of survival are very low… Therefore, it is ALWAYS wrong to buy these animals, because in this way we increase their criminal business, we increase their desire to gain more money and we condemn other dogs to undergo the heinous sufferance we try to eradicate. To save these animals is better to report their situation to the police or to animal welfare organizations, so that they can proceed with the seizure.

Another reason is the fullness of kennels. These places are always full of dogs and cats looking for a definitive family with whom spend the rest of their life. Animals that have suffered loneliness and abandonment and desires a forever family are the most lovely and thankful companions of life. Moreover, cats and dogs from kennels are healthier animals, because they have been cured since their entrance, while puppies from the East Europe are always sick, even if they look wholesome.

Third, animals are sentient beings and therefore must not be bought. Would you like to be sold like an object or like the slaves of the 19^th century?

Last but not the least… adopt a life companions is not a joke. It involves a series of responsibilities that can be compared with having a child. From that moment on, and for the rest of his days, a life needs you to for almost everything: from nutrition to the daily walks, from fun and game to the huge weight of supporting him in sickness…

Are you ready for this economic and emotional involvement? If you do, your non-human life partner awaits for you… go find him, and no “Merry Christmas”, but merry life with the priceless and most wonderful love you could ever think and enjoy.

L'articolo DON’T SHOP, ADOPT! proviene da OIPA.

The forum focused on the concept of mainstreaming biodiversity from the business point of view, investment opportunities and legal frameworks that give more certainty to investments, as well as better decision-making, which factors in the value of biodiversity and the services it provides to businesses. Other important issues relevant for businesses that were addressed included natural capital accounting and financing, examining the links between climate change and biodiversity, and supply-chain policies.

“It is from biodiversity that businesses acquire raw materials for their products. Hence, the business sector must be equipped with knowledge on the values of biodiversity for them to come up with science-based decisions in operating their businesses, and to avoid overexploitation of natural resources,” Executive Director lawyer Roberto V. Oliva of Asean Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) said. Oliva served as the moderator of the first session of the forum.

“When companies place resources sustainability at the core of their brand, they experience long-term revenue and experience positive impact in social and economic space,” International Union for Conservation of Nature Director General Inger Andersen said.

The forum is part of the 13th Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP13). The conference provides a critical opportunity for countries to address strategic actions to enhance implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and promote the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity targets.

Aichi Targets – Main goals:

• Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
• Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use 
• Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity 
• Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services 
• Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building

One of the outcomes of the 2016 event is a Business and Biodiversity Pledge. The pledge provides an opportunity for business leaders to acknowledge the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services for businesses, and to state their commitment toward taking positive action on biodiversity.

Biodiversity is essential for the global environment, many animal species are infact necessary for the life itself on the Planet, for example plancton, bats, bees and fungus. Diversification in the Nature helps surviving pandemics and bacterial infections, enhance the strength of the species and their adaptation skills. Agribusinesses play a key role for the species, often only few species of animals and vegetables are raised by big companies, the most strong and with the highest productivity, but there are many more species important which deserve to be protected and safeguarded.

OIPA supports companies and governments which are trying to find a way to guarantee the conservation of many species and will take action to tackle the recent global loss in biodiversity.

L'articolo EXPERTS HOLD FORUM ON BUSINESS AND BIODIVERSITY IN COP13 IN CANCUN proviene da OIPA.

Most Portuguese bullfights (corridas de touros) are held in two phases: the spectacle of the cavaleiro, followed by the pega. In Portugal, the main stars of bullfighting are the cavaleiros, as opposed to Spain, where the matadores are the most prominent bullfighters. Nevertheless, bullfights with matadores are frequent, notably with Portuguese matadores who practice their trade in Spain and who, when in Portugal, replace the sword in their final strike with a bandarilha. Examples of famous Portuguese matadores are Vítor Mendes and Pedrito de Portugal.

The cavaleiro

During the cavaleiro, a horseman on a Portuguese Lusitano horse (specially trained for the fights) fights the bull from horseback. The purpose of this fight is to stab three or four bandeirilhas (small javelins) in the back of the bull.

Pega de caras

In the second stage, called the pega, the forcados, a group of eight men, challenge the bull directly without any protection or weapon of defense. The front man provokes the bull into a charge to perform a pega de cara or pega de caras (face catch). The front man secures the animal’s head and is quickly aided by his fellows who surround and secure the animal until he is subdued.

The bull is not killed in the ring and, at the end of the corrida, leading oxen are let into the arena and two campinos on foot herd the bull along them back to its pen. The bull can be either killed, away from the audience’s sight, by a professional butcher or, after a good performance, restored to health and released to pasture for breeding. Nevertheless, tradition was so strong at the small frontier town of Barrancos, where the bull was illegally put to death in the arena, that the government was forced to relent and permit the town to follow its ancient matador tradition and kill the bull in the arena.

There are other forms of traditional bullfighting in Portugal, some differing markedly from the version described above.

The public television station RTP usually shows bullfights in prime-time. This has been notoriously criticized by left-wing parties who have tried to ban the programme and, in another instance, rating the show to an adults-only classification.

In Portugal, more than 4,000 bulls a year are killed for bullfighting and other cruel events. Bullfights are also organized on the Azores Island (an autonomous archipelago that belongs to Portugal), such as on the islands Terceira and Graciosa.

February and March 2007, Metris GfK national survey in Portugal: 

“Do you think that bullfighting should be forbidden by the law in Portugal?”, 

• 50,5% of the respondents said “Yes”

• 39,5% said “No”

“Would you want the Municipality of the town where you reside to declare it a town where bullfighting activities are not authorised?”,

• 52,4% of the respondents said “Yes”

• 36,8% said “No”

Despite popular belief outside Portugal, bulls in Portuguese bullfights are always injured with several banderilhas and very often killed (in public in a handful of bullfights, and in private after the ‘show’ for the rest).

THE MONSARAZ CASE

In 2012 a bull was killed unlawfully at the end of a bullfight which took place in the medieval village of Monsaraz, Alentejo, keeping a tradition that the local population has vowed to uphold despite being widely controversial.

After the final stab was plunged at around 8.35pm, the bull was tied to the makeshift sides of the temporary ring, covered with a cloth to shield the killing from the eyes of the 1,000-strong spectators (and by doing so, keep the identity of the perpetrator under wraps) and killed.

According to witnesses there was no sign of police within the ring during the fight, which took place inside Monsaraz’s castle walls. It is illegal to kill the bull in Monsaraz as it was refused permission to be considered an exception to the general rule. There is only one town in Portugal – Barrancos – where special permission has been granted to kill the bull during fights, due to it being a long-standing tradition.

The vast majority of Portugal’s population doesn’t watch, go to or support bullfights. This is only done because the government still allows it. Several activism actions and polls have been made both on newspapers, websites and on social media, where more than 90% of the answers are AGAINST this horrible tradition. These activities are unfortunately sponsored by the municipalities (with taxpayers’ money) and there is currently a petition to try to cut those funds.

[cs_video column_size=”1/1″ video_url=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLWvKpQdjSo” video_width=”500″ video_height=”250″][/cs_video]

PETITION TEXT:

To the Attention of the Portuguese Government

Hereby to express my deepest indignation for the perpetration of bullfights in Portugal, this brutal and cruel tradition is not supported by the majority of the Portuguese population and neither by the international community.

Bulls are wonderful animals, and they need to be respected and not tortured in order to amuse the persons attending the show. Hurting them for entertainment is an horrific and irresponsible behaviour, that does not consider the importance of this animals’ lives.

I’m asking to stop immediately bullfights in Portugal.

Personally, I will not visit Portugal, and I will ask all my acquaintances to do the same, until this situation will be solved.

Sign OIPA Petition and stop bullfights in Portugal!

The petition will be send to the Portuguese Government.

TORTURE is NO CULTURE!

L'articolo STOP BULLFIGHTS IN PORTUGAL! SIGN THE PETITION proviene da OIPA.

There is a reason why nature gave cats claws. They are very important to felines so that they can defend themselves, climb trees, scratch…

Most of owners complain the habit cats have to ruin things, such as couches, using them as a scratch post.

Usually we want our animals to be like us and we treat them as toys. We don’t consider thay might have a different view of the domestic environment.

We don’t want them to ruin curtains or sofas, climb anywhere, dig or play with plants.

What can we do to deal with the claws matter?

Cut them off? That would be maybe the best solution for our expencive couch but not for our friend.

Unfortunately some people adopt this solution.

Luckily, this prctice is forbidden in Italy because is cruel. It involves an invasive operation and a painful, long postoperativ recovery.

So, we have to be concious befor adopting a cat about the consequences. Are we aware that it’s a living being? Do we now its typical attidude?

If not, we would better buy a toy.

CAN CATS SHARE THEIR LITTER?

Every cat owner knows very well how they love to be cleaned.

To everyone with more than one cat experts recommend to use more than one litter dislocated in different rooms.

It is a little more difficult if we live in a small place, like a studio apartment.

Using more than one litter is usually useful to avoid some behavioural problems such as micturition or the need to mark the territory.

IS LEAVING WITH A CAT A RISK FOR TOXOPLASMOSIS TO PREGNANT WOMEN?

Toxoplasmosis is a parastic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Occasionally there may be mild flu- like symptoms. But up to half of the world’s population is infected by toxoplasmosis but have no symptoms. So generally people are not aware of having it.

Once people get infected and healed becomes immune to it.

The parasite is only known to reproduce sexually in the cat family. However, it can infect most types of warm-blooded animals, including humans and could be dangerous to pregnant women.

First of all it is important to test the immunity to toxoplasmosis by a Toxo test.

Than to make some considerations. Such as that we can get infected only by swallowiong the parasite.

Most of the time man contract toxoplasmosis by eating fruit and vegetables contaminated by feces.

Or through the ingestion of a row or partly cooked meat, especially pork or lamb.

It is important to follow some advices such as:

– washing carefully row vegetables and fruit (they cause no problem if cooked)

– avoid handling or eating row meat and salami, nor drinking row milk.

– washing carefully the hands after gardening, cooking meat or stroking the cat’s fur

– avoid exposure to cat’ s feces.

Numerous studies have shown living in a household with a cat is not a significant risk factor for T. gondii infection.

Living with several kittens has some significance.

Any way the important thing is cleaning the litter every day to avoid feces to become infective, (in fact oocysts need two or tree days to open up). Better still if another member of the family do it.

L'articolo THE TRUTH ABOUT YOUR CAT proviene da OIPA.

A U.S. animal foundation asked me to arrange an interview with a dog slaughterhouse in China for their documentary.  After research, I took them to a market in Jiangmen. When we were there, it’s astonishing to see far more than we expected!  This is not just a market for cats and dogs.  Over a hundred different animals you can buy here, like crocodile, turtle, porcupine, snakes, deer, etc.  They even slaughter the animal in front of you and you can take it home for your meals.

The crocodile stall owner told me the crocodiles are fed in a pool, not the wild.  But I think most of the others are wild animals.

We interviewed a woman who has opened the stall selling cats and dogs over 10 years.  She told us the cats and dogs are from local and other provinces.  Sometimes, the pet owners may take their cats and dogs here and sell them to her.  She can sell about 30 dogs and cats a day.  Her daughter also helped her kill the cats and dogs.

The law of protecting companion animals and wild animals doesn’t seem applicable here.  It’s  a great concern  if it’s safe to take these animals as food.  However,  people here just don’t care!

Many countries have the wild animals protection law.  People are forbidden to hunt the wild animals.  However, when there is demand, people would disregard the law for profit making.  Apart from legal constraint, we know little if wild animals are edible in view of health concern.  There is no quarantine for wild animals and they may have human transmittable diseases.  We ever experienced SARS and it’s origin is from swinhoe.  It is also known that people will contract leprosy if  people eat armadillo.  We can still found these cases in China and United States recently.

Urbanization has destroyed the natural environment and industrialization has polluted it.  Wild animals are being highly affected. They lose their homes and their food are polluted by chemicals with carcinogens and with poison.  Their health conditions could possibly endanger the humans, especially when people put them on the dining table.

OIPA China is leading an educational project in Chinese schools and universities, in order to raise awareness on animal issues and right. Read more about the project and support OIPA China: http://www.oipainternational.org/shelter-oipa-china/

Author: Simon KWOK Kam-fai, OIPA China

L'articolo Wild animals on dining table, SUPPORT OIPA PROJECT AND SAVE THE ANIMALS proviene da OIPA.

In most African countries and Cameroon in particular, hunting and animal mistreatment occur every thirty minutes which is a call for concern. The Government of Cameroon has been doing all it can to protect the wild, but their messages are limited within cities and urban areas. Meanwhile hunting and animals mistreatment happen in rural and remote areas.

Farmed and domestic animals suffer every day because their owners have little or no knowledge about animals welfare and protection. Furthermore, there is no law to protect the rights of domestic/farmed animals. Thousands of wild animals like elephants, chimpanzees, antelopes are being killed and smuggled every day. This has put many wild animals at the verge of extinction and environment in great danger.
It is necessary to get Cameroonian involved in animals protection. For this to be effective, we must educate people in remote area and communities because they are the main contributors to animal abuse. People living in rural areas do not have access to any media organ nor know anything about protection and animal welfare.
Since 2012 OIPA is working to sensitize Cameroonians in remote areas on the need to protect and ensure the welfare of animals and their habitat in Cameroon. Many schools and communities have benefited from the initiative.

This Christmas purchase an handcraft piece and support OIPA Cameroon educational projects!

To purchase the handcrafts contact: cameroon@oipa.org

Information:

Mr Che Gilbert Ayunwi

International Representative OIPA Cameroon .

Tel: 237 670 706 757

E-mail:cameroon@oipa.org

Website:www.oipa.org

Facebook:OIPA Cameroon

L'articolo THIS CHRISTMAS SUPPORT OIPA CAMEROON: PURCHASE A UNIQUE TRADITIONAL HANDCRAFT PIECE proviene da OIPA.

He was starving, he ate several bowls of food.

Despite the shock he was vigilant and active but couldn’t move his back paws.

The following day OIPA volunteers took Julius to the vet and the X- ray showed a pelvic fracture. But fortunately the bad impact had no bad consequeces on internal organs.

On 8 november he had a complex operation. It was last several hours because the team of doctor had to repair the pelvis.

Than he was relaesed from the hospital and hosted by an OIPA volunteer.

Julius has to live for a short period in a cage while is recovering from the operation so that he can’t move too much. He will be soon subjected to farther checks and medical examinations.

Fortunately he is very strong and has responded very well to the operation. He eats a lot and is very active. He can’t wait to get out of the cage and be free.

The expences for the surgery and medical examinations were really high.

That’s why Julius Caesar ask for your help.

Reggio Calabria’s volunteers gave their best but are already hard-pressed with other difficult situations and this time they need a chian of solidarity.

HELP US TAKE CARE OF JULIUS AND MAKE A DONATION

CAUSAL: “JULIUS – OIPA INTERNATIONAL”

Find out more about OIPA Italy: https://www.oipainternational.org/oipa-italy/

[cs_services cs_service_type=”modern” cs_service_icon_type=”icon” icon=”Choose Icon” service_bg_imagegmn50yvrbJ=”Browse” service_icon_size=”fa-2x” cs_service_bg_color=”#c7e2e2″ cs_service_postion_modern=”top-left” cs_service_postion_classic=”left” cs_service_title=”CONTRIBUTE NOW”]OIPA
International Organization for Animal Protection
via Gian Battista Brocchi 11
I-20131 Milano
Phone: (+39) 02 6427882
Fax: (+39) 02 99980650
Email: international@oipa.org

BANK
Write Causal “JULIUS– OIPA INTERNATIONAL” and the exact amount
Registered person: OIPA – Organizzazione Internazionale Protezione Animali

Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria Agency MILAN-BOCCHETTO
VIA BOCCHETTO, 13 – 20123 Milan – Italy

Banking coordinate
BIC: POCIITM1
IBAN: IT52 M 05048 01604 0000000 18458

CREDIT CARD
Write Causal “JULIUS– OIPA INTERNATIONAL” and the exact amount

[/cs_services]

L'articolo 15 BULLETS, 15 SHOTGUN BLASTS HIT AN HELPLESS PUPPY. OIPA VOLOUNTEERS REPORT THE CRIME AGAINST LEADY. NOW HE’S LOOKING FOR A GOOD FAMILY. proviene da OIPA.

In two days 50 dogs were treated, some of them injured or sick. Hundreds of dogs are straying in Shkodra, thousands in all municipalities and villages of Albania. There are citizens that care for them and are happy when they are brought back to their territory in Shkodra. That is why the veterinary teams like to work there. Most people of Albania would be very relieved if finally the state would care and resolve the stray dog situation in a humane way. Living in this country is like in other Balkan states very hard for citizens that care for animals or that fear animals.

With this action we want to show once more, that all Albanian municipalities should start a CNVR program. Our team works in Kosovo and can demonstrate, that the CNVR work is very efficient in stopping reproduction of owned and stray dogs, if the political support is there. 

Read more about OIPA Switzerland acitvities: https://www.oipainternational.org/oipaswitzerland/

L'articolo OIPA SWITZERLAND – OVER 50 DOGS TREATED IN TWO DAYS IN SHKODRA, ALBANIA proviene da OIPA.

IT’S ALL YOUR SUCCESS!

NAWRC have been working in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal. Our present concentration is in Street Dogs Population Management by Birth Control Program. Its called Catch-Neuter-Vaccinate-Monitor-Release (CNVMR) Program. Street dogs are sterilized, vaccinated Anti-Rabies Vaccines and given required Medical treatments.

In our previous survey, we counted 559 street dogs, 260 females and 299 males. We neutered 420 street dogs and repeat the survey. Second survey shows 713 street dogs in Banepa municipality.

Kavrepalanchok district is the Epicenter of earthquake in 2015 NepalQuake and there were more damages. Still tremors are frequent and street dogs are scattered everywhere. They keep migrating from different places. Matting seasons started now.

We observed 18 male dogs following 1 female dog. Its panic and traumatic sight we share about. We need to neuter 384 street dogs again.

We are working isolated in remotes, with no easy access to market area, electricity and internet keeps interrupted, no own infrastructures, no shelter, no resources and no regular funding sources.

Government have no funds to support animals and local peoples can’t support due to low incomes. We completely depends on international supports only!

600 Street dogs neutered and vaccinated in 80 working days. Researches published shows un spayed female dog and her generations will produce 67,000 more street dogs in our community.

From our surveys, we found 8 street dogs per 100 human population. It makes 20,000 street dogs in this district, who are never vaccinated and medically cared. WHO listed Nepal as the Highly risky nation in Rabies since last 15 years. Nobody knows how many die unknowingly from Rabies in Nepal. No UNICEF, no UNO, no Save The Children, no Red Cross, no Rotary, no Amnesty etc works or supported Rabies Control till date. More than 2,00,000 school children and youths are living in darkness about Rabies in this district.

We work for Development of Animal Welfare in Nepal as they don’t have their own Voice for themselves. We need to take responsibility to be their voices. They need us because we are for them, not just our self.

Your Support will Enable us to Support Them!

LET’S MAKE THE DIFFERENCES TOGETHER! LET’S MAKE THE WORLD BETTER TOGETHER!
LET’S BE A PART OF THEIR LIFE TOGETHER!
LET’S GIVE A CHANCE FOR MAKING THIS WORLD BETTER!
LET’S BE THEIR VOICES TOGETHER!

DONATE OUR PROGRAM, OUR MISSION and OUR WORKS!

www.gofundme.com/cnvr_kavre

THANK YOU!

L'articolo OIPA NEPAL – Catch-Neuter-Vaccinate-Monitor-Release (CNVMR) Program proviene da OIPA.

Humans and dogs have a different way to control the body temperature. We use perspiration, they use respiration.

Dogs don’t have sweat glands like us, except for some on their fingertips.

When is really hot they intensifie their respiration in order to cool down the blood heat, breathing with mouth and nose.

The fur is useful to protect them from cold but also from hot weather in summer times.

Is absolutely useless and not recommended shave our dogs.

Doing it we stress the animal and there is the risk to expose the skin excessively to sunlight.

There are only two possible reasons why we should shave our dog. To protect him from extraneous matters such as spikes. Or for a better treatment of cutaneous diseases.

Is at least one litter suggested for Female dogs?

To experiece our female dog’s pregnancy might be nice for owners. But contrary to our beliefs is absolutley not necessary.

First of all the desire of maternity is essentially a human matter. Dogs come to maternal instinct after theire puppie’s birth.

A female dog can’t get depressed without a birth experience.

Furthermore pregnancy is not useful to protect them from uterine cancer.

It has been showed that more than one pregnancy (not just one) might reduce neoplasm to the reproductive system. But could be stressful or, worse, not be successful. Often they have to do a caesarean section wich can be dangerous for the mather and puppies.

We have to consider that what makes us happy might not be good for our dogs.

So just one pregnancy or none doesn’t make any difference for the dog’s health.

There is also an important ethical reason to avoid a pregnancy for the dog.

There are too many dogs in kennels some times waiting an entire life to be adopted. It is surely better to free them and give them a real family.

Appropriate food for dogs

Is not easy to talk about nutrition in a word, it would be more appropriate to read an entire essay about it.

Anyway when we decide to adopt a dog we should be aware of its differences with our gastrointestinal trac.

Its nutritional requirement is also different.

In nature dogs eat preys (which include also fur), bones, blood. But also fruit and grass.

Is really important to consult a vet and to consider the age and possible dog’s diseases.

If we can’t make fresch food we can buy some really good industrial products both dry and wet.

But if we feel like cooking and the dog has no health problems we can cook for it, preferably raw food, considering its nutritional requirements.

It is very important to take the necessary information in order not to damage its health.

Time will help us to know what kind of food might cause intollerances or upset our dog.

Do we have to wash our dog monthly?

Dog have sebaceous glands which secrete sebum, a greacy product that give softness to its fur. But unfortunately typify the classic dog’s smell.

Some dog owners discover that the more they wash their dog the more they smell.

That is because this action stimulates sebaceous glands to produce more sebum and consequently intensifies the smell.

So, how many times do we have to bath our dog in order not to upset his natural protection?

The less is better. Maximum once a month.

Obviously we can make some exception. For example if the dog loves to play in the mud or dirt.

It might happen that the dog needs therapeutic baths (even every five or seven days) in case of cutaneous pathologies.

As always even considering this matter is not possible to generalize. As human beings, as well every dog has its needs and personal history.

It is important to consult the vet.

L'articolo THE TRUTH ABOUT YOUR DOG proviene da OIPA.